What is synergism in pharmacology?

SYNERGISM When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the algebraic sum of their individual effects, it is called as synergism. It results in either potentiation of the action of the drugs or prolongation of it's therapeutic effects.

Synergism occurs when two drugs act at different sites or when one drug alters the pharmacokinetics of the other drug.
Examples - Levodopa and Carbidopa (Carbidopa prevents peripheral metabolism of Levodopa allowing it's entry in brain in greater amounts). Other example is - synergistic

combination of antihypertensives like Beta-blockers and diuretics like frusemide (they act at different sites). Another very interesting example is combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim , if acting individually both of them are bacteriostatic but when in combination (known as Cotrimoxazole) they become bactericidal ( you can read about them in detail in chapters dealing with Antimicrobial agents).


    For more details regarding the conference please visit:          https://medicinalchemistryconferences.com/

   Regards                           

   Ferruccio Steven | Program Manager | Pharmacology 2020
   Larix International Pte Ltd
   Contact: +65 31655042
   WhatsApp: +65 3158 6820
    Email: ferrucciosteven@gmail.com 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What is pharmaceutical formulation? What are the stages involved?

Image
Pharmaceutical formulation , in pharmaceutics, is a process in which various chemical substances, along with the active drug, are mixed to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes the dosage form used in the making. What Are The Stages And Timeline? Formulation studies include developing a preparation of the drug which is stable as well as acceptable to the patient. This usually involves adding the drug into a tablet or a capsule for administered drugs. It is important to differentiate that a tablet contains a variety of other potentially inert substances apart from the drug itself. Further, studies have to be done to ensure that the encapsulated drug is compatible with these other substances and will not cause harm, either direct or indirect. Preformulation stage in  pharma manufacturing  involves the characterization of a drug's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties to choose what other ingredients or excipients
Read more
Image
Why does the blood brain barrier prevent some drugs from entering the brain? ·          The brain consumes over 20% of whole body's energy supply and nearly 15% of the blood of cardiac output. so the brain is one of the important organ and we know the complete body and other organ activity directly or indirectly controlled by the brain. so it is very necessary a barrier must be there to check unwanted chemicals/materials from the blood which is not suitable or harmful for the brain. [1] ·          same for few drugs, as  prodrug  (an inactive form of drug which converts into  active drug  after metabolism in body )and  xenobiotics  (a compound that is foreign to body) can be harmful to the brain so they prevent and blocked by the  blood-brain barrier  (BBB). looking at chemical nature ·          Generally, the  NON-LIPID SOLUBLE DRUG  ( example-streptomycin, neostigmine, etc)  don’t penetrate BBB  while the  LIPID-SOLUBLE DRUGS  is   able to  cross BBB  and have action c
Read more

How come supposedly dexamphetamine has a duration of action of only around 3 to 6 hours, while the expensive slow release version lisdexamfetamine has a duration of action of 12 hours, but 'lisdex' is converted to 'dex' within an hour?

Image
While, yes, it does take extra time for the body to convert it into amphetamine , it doesn't have much to do with the actual drug. This is adderall. It's comprised of 4 different amphetamine salts plus some inert binders to make it big enough to easily dispense and take. Your stomach acid will break down a pill in less than an hour. This is adderall XR. It's a 24 hour slow release. It contains pretty much the exact same mix of amphetamine salts. However, this is what is inside an adderall XR capsule. Those beads are the magic.  For more details regarding the conference please visit :  https://medicinalchemistryconferences.com/ Regards Ferruccio Steven | Program Manager | Pharmacology 2020 Larix International Pte Ltd Contact: +65 31655042 WhatsApp: +65 3158 6820 Email: pharmacology@medicinalchemistryconferences.com
Read more